Visual Thinking

Rudolph Arnheim

Early Stirrings

1

Perception torn from thinking

The Intelligence of Perception

13

Subtraction of Contract

Two and Two Together

54

Relations Depend on Structure

The Past in Present

80

Forces Acting on Memory

The Images of Thought

97

What are Mental Images like?

Concepts Take Shape

116

Abstract Gestures

Pictures, Symbols, and Signs

135

The Function of Images

What Abstraction Is Not

153

A Harmful Dichotomy

What Abstraction Is

153

Types and Containers

With Feet on the Ground

188

Abstraction as Withdrawl

Thinking with Pure Shapes

208

Numbers Reflect Life

Words in Their Place

226

Can One Think in Words?

Art and Thought

254

Thinking in Children's Drawings

Models for Theory

274

Cosmological Shapes

Vision in Education

294

What is Art For?